| Turn | Central Asia | Europe | India | China | Middle East |
| 1 3000 BC to 1000 BC |
Indo- Europeans | Homeric Greece Humanism |
Harappans Aryans Vedism |
Xia Shang |
Sumer Egypt Babylon Assyria Judaism |
| 2 1000 BC to 1 BC |
Scythians | Classical Greece Alexander Roman Republic Stoicism |
Mauryans Saka Brahmanism Buddhism Jainism Hinduism |
Zhou Chin Warring States Han Confucius Taoism Legalism |
Persia Alexander Successors Parthia Zoroastriansim |
| 3 1 to 500 AD |
Kushans Huns |
Roman Empire Christianity |
Kushans Guptas |
Han | Persia |
| 4 500 to 1000 |
Magyars | Dark Ages Carolingrians Vikings Ottonians Byzantium Kiev |
Rajput States | Sui Tang |
Byzantium Islam Caliphates |
| 5 1000 to 1300 |
Mongols | Byzantium Feudal Monarchs Papal Monarchy |
Ghaznis Ghur Delhi Sultantate |
Song Yuans |
Seljuks Crusades Ayyubids Crusades |
| 6 1300 to 1500 |
Timur | Byzantium National Monarchies Moscow |
Delhi Sultanate Vijayanagar |
Mings | Ottomans |